Localization estimation of underwater acoustic source can be obtained accurately by sensor network localization techniques, 10 10. The acoustic signal of bubbles is a typical non-stationary signal with positive attenuation, and continuous bubbles have periodicity, which has a good application prospect. The current bubble research mainly focuses on the bubble theoretical model and the leakage measurement however, there are few studies on bubble acoustic localization. proposed an adaptive passive acoustic characteristic frequency extraction method to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio of bubble acoustic signals. Rui, “ Underwater gas flow measurement based on adaptive passive acoustic characteristic frequency extraction,” Chem. In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out on the measurement of gas flow under the condition of micro-leakage based on the acoustic characteristics of bubbles. pointed out that the acoustic pulse of bubbles originated from necking. Sánchez, “ Consideration of the dynamic forces during bubble growth in a capillary tube,” Chem. initially proposed the generation mechanism of acoustic signals in the process of bubble formation. On musical air-bubbles and the sounds of running water,” London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos.
The acoustical theory based on bubbles has been developed very early, and researchers carried out numerous studies on the formation process of bubbles. and it is a new attempt to locate the leakage source. Li, “ A fast and accurate decoder for underwater acoustic telemetry,” Rev. White, “ Passive acoustic quantification of gas fluxes during controlled gas release experiments,” Int. Bubble acoustic signals can be transmitted over a long distance underwater, which has a good application prospect in the field of leak source localization, 4 4. Qin, “ Numerical simulations of bubble formation and acoustic characteristics from a submerged orifice: The effects of nozzle wall configurations,” Chem. Gafeira, “ An integrated geological and GIS-based method to assess caprock risk in mature basins proposed for carbon capture and storage,” Int. Underwater gas leakage is usually accompanied by the generation of bubbles. Curtis, “ Assessing the potential to use repeated ambient noise seismic tomography to detect CO 2 leaks: Application to the aquistore storage site,” Int. The leakage of a submarine natural gas pipeline and carbon dioxide storage will cause ecological hazards, and the localization needs to be undertaken as soon as possible. The localization results show that the passive acoustic cross array beamforming algorithm can accurately and stably estimate the leakage direction at different positions. Moreover, the experiment was carried out in a cuboid transparent tempered glass water tank in the laboratory, and a field programmable gate array is used as the core control unit of the data processing system to complete the signal acquisition and the algorithm execution. The influence of shape, number, and aperture of the hydrophone array on the algorithm performance is studied by simulation. Then, the time delay compensation is carried out according to the positions of the hydrophones in the array to estimate the direction of arrival. The signal of finite length is obtained by introducing the time window. A specific array of hydrophones was constructed to capture the bubble acoustic signal. In this paper, a continuous underwater bubble localization method using passive acoustic array beamforming is proposed. The bubble is an effective carrier of underwater gas leakage detection, and its rapid localization is of great significance.
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